![]() ![]() ![]() As a cell-free therapy, MSC-derived exosomes (EXOs) have attracted much more attention in recent years. However, side effects caused by MSC treatment limit their application in clinic. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown chondroprotective effects in cartilage repair. ![]() © 2015, Editorial Board of Neural Regeneration Research. These results indicate that propofol can enhance the therapeutic effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on spinal cord injury in rats. These improvements were more prominent in rats subjected to bone marrow mesenchymal cell transplantation combined with propofol administration than in rats receiving monotherapy. Rat spinal cord injury was clearly alleviated, a large number of newborn non-myelinated and myelinated nerve fibers appeared in the spinal cord, the numbers of CM-Dil-labeled bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and fluorogold-labeled nerve fibers were increased and hindlimb motor function of spinal cord-injured rats was markedly improved. We used rats to investigate spinal cord injury repair using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation combined with propofol administration via the tail vein. Whether propofol can promote spinal cord injury repair by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells remains poorly understood. Propofol is a neuroprotective anesthetic. All these results suggested that bFGF could repress α-SMA expression caused by chondrogenic induction, efficiently prevent shrinkage of BMSC engineered tissue, and have a positive influence on cartilage formation, which provides a clue for both shape control and quality improvement of BMSC engineered 3D cartilage. Moreover, bFGF showed a beneficial influence on 3D cartilage formation of BMSCs in terms of gene expression and deposition of cartilage specific matrices. However, the supplement of bFGF in chondrogenic media efficiently down-regulated α-SMA expression and the engineered tissue still retained over 60% of original size after 6 weeks of culture. According to the current results, chondrogenic induction significantly up-regulated α-SMA expression of BMSCs at both cell and tissue levels, and the engineered tissue only retained 12.4% of original size after 6 weeks of chondrogenic induction. This study testified these speculations by adding bFGF to chondrogenic media. According to the literatures, it can be speculated that the up-regulation of smooth muscle actin-alpha (α-SMA) caused by transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is one of the leading reasons and that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) could antagonize the role of TGFβ to down-regulate α-SMA expression and prevent the shrinkage of BMSC engineered cartilage. However, an obvious shrinkage and deformation was observed during in vitro chondrogenic induction. Our previous studies demonstrated that a three-dimensional (3D) cartilage could be constructed successfully in vitro using BMSCs and biodegradable scaffolds. This would explain why they inflict Death Blight, and why they drop Sacrificial Twigs, which are rumored to have once been "pruned from the Erdtree.Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have proved to be an ideal cell source for cartilage regeneration. It is possible that these are corpses that were buried in Catacombs built around Greattree roots (back when "the roots of the Greattree were" purportedly "linked to those of the Erdtree," see the description for Root Resin), and were in the process of becoming a part of the Erdtree, but then displaced or "uprooted" by Deathroot.Deracine could come from a French word for uprooting trees, or it could mean “displaced.” The file names for the Wormfaces are Deracine_Male for the small ones, and Deracine_Female for the large ones.Has a Death Blight-inflicting ranged attack, which can be mitigated with the Prince of Death's Pustule or Prince of Death's Cyst talismans and cured using the Order Healing and Law of Regression incantations or Rejuvenating Boluses consumable. ![]()
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